* Rivet & Smith, p. 463 :

SOURCE

- Ravenna I07₃₃ (R&C 162) : TADORITON

DERIVATION. This name is paired in Ravenna with MAPORITUM, as mentioned in the entry for the latter (see there also Dillemann's view, that both are scribal corruptions). Assumed British *tata- is 'grandfather' (Welsh tad); for *ritu- Ford', see ANDERITUM.

IDENTIFICATION. Unknown, but apparently in southern Scotland and presumably at a river crossing.

* Rivet & Smith, p. 464 : 

SOURCE

- Ptolémée, II,3,4 : Taizalon akron (= Taezalorum Promontarium). All MSS have z (z). This in itself does not mean that we should adopt it; one finds, for example, that Uxela¹ in Ptolemy II, 3, 6 is spelled with z (z) in several MSS, when we can be sure from other occurrences of this name that it had x.

DERIVATION. See the previous entry (Taexali).

IDENTIFICATION. Evidently the north-east point of Aberdeenshire and so Kinnairds Head (or just possibly Rattray Head).

* Rivet & Smith, p. 464 : 

SOURCES

- Ptolémée, II,3,13 : Tamara ( = Tamara), une polis (ville) des Dumnonii.

- Ravenna, 105₄₈ : Tamaris;

- Ravenna's final -is is probably for -a, as in its Uxelis for Uxela.

DERIVATION. See the next entry. As often, the settlement takes its name from the river on which it stands.

IDENTIFICATION. An unidentified place on the River Tamar. From its listing by Ptolemy, who attributes it to the Dumnonii, it is most likely to be an early Roman fort, which may perhaps await discovery under the town of Launceston, Cornwall (SX 3384).

------------

Rivet & Smith y verrait un rapport avec un site ancien sous l'actuelle Launceston, en Cornwall.

* Rivet & Smith, p. 465 : 

SOURCES

- Ptolemy II, 3, 3 : Tamarou Potamon (= TAMARI FLUVII OSTIA)

- Ravenna 108₂₆  ( = R&C 240) : TAMARIS

DERIVATION. The name is British *Tamaros (alternatively * Tamara), made up of a base *tam- with *-ar(a) suffix found in many other names (see LEUCARUM). The root is present in the British names which follow in this List, Tameia, Tamesa or Tamesis, Tamius, Tamus, and in many modem names (not recorded in ancient sources) which are listed by Jackson LHEB 487 and by W. Nicolaisen in BZN, VIII (1957), 256-57: Thame, Team, Teme, etc.; also with -v- or -w- (showing British lenition), Tavy, Teviot, Tawy. Abroad the root was wide-spread too in river-names : Tamaris (Mela III, II) or Tamara (Ptolemy II, 6, 2) > Tambre (Corunia, Spain), Tamarici Fontes in Cantabria (Spain; Pliny NH xxxi, 23), Tamarus AI 103₁ > Tammaro, a tributary of the Calore near Benevento (Italy), *Tamira or *Tamera > Demer, a tributary of the Dyle (Belgium), and modem Tamaran, a tributary of the Bourbince (Saône-et-Loire, France: Dauzat TF 138).

*Tam- is usually interpreted as 'dark', in view of cognates cited under Tamesa, Tamesis, but modem opinion among Continental scholars would regard these as illusory. The most comprehensive recent survey is that of Nicolaisen (above), 256-62, who boldly unites a very large number of names as based on the Indo-European root *ta- *t3- 'flieBen' ('to flow'). Three consonantal formations are differentiated : the first with -m-, which accounts for all the names mentioned above; the second with -n-, which explains modem British Tone, Tain, Tean, and several Continental names; the third with -u-, which embraces ancient Taua (or Tauia), modem Taw, Tay, and again Continental examples. This is amply convincing as to forms, and semantically also, since it is casier to think that so many rivers over a vast area were named simply 'flowing one, river' than that they were called 'dark', a more particular and subjective désignation.

IDENTIFICATION. The River Tamar, along the boundary between Devon and Cornwall.

* A.L.F Rivet & C. Smith : The Place-names of Roman Britain, p 467-68 : 

SOURCE : 

H. G. Pflaum, 'Le Marbre de Thorigny', Bibliothèque de l'École des Hautes Études, No. 292 (Paris, 1948), p. 9 (also CIL XIII. 3 162). The text is on three sides of a statue-base found at Vieux and now at Thorigny in Normandy (France). The relevant part of the text on the left side reads in expanded form : 

Exemplum epistulae Claudii Paulini legati Augusti pro praetore provinciae Britanniae ad Sennium Sollemnem. A TAMPIO.

The inscription (of A.D. 238) records a letter which Tiberius Claudius Paulinus, governor of Lower Britain, sent from Tampium to his friend Sennius Sollemnis.

DERIVATION. Tampium appears to be a proper form, recorded in this unique source. It has no analogues and it is impossible to conjecture an etymology or meaning.

IDENTIFICATION. Unknown. Though Paulinus is here recorded simply as governor of Britannia, his date (established by RIB 1280) and the mention in the present inscription of Legio VI (stationed at York) combine to show that his province was actually Britannia Inferior. This included York and Lincoln (JRS, XL (1921), 102 : the dedication at Bordeaux by M. Aurelius Lunaris) and this restricts the area in which the bame should be sought. Anay connection with the Ala (I Pannoniorum) Tampiana is unlikely, since the author of this boastful inscription would surely have insisted on accuracy in the transcription of the letter".

Étymologie. D&R : "Terdingehem, 1070 : nom d'homme germanique Tard-, Terd-, et suffixe -inghem".

Toponymes remarquables : Mont Malassis, Mont Plouvin, Belledalle, Ausques et le Mont d'Ausques

DUHG : "Aujourd'hui Tarsous, ville de l'Asie-Mineure, capitale de la Cilicie des plaines, puis, ai IVè siècle, de la Cilicie Ière, à l'ouest, près de l'embouchure du Cydnus (Karasou) dans la Méditerranée; fut fondée par des Grecs, ou, suivant une autre tradition, par sardanapale. De bonne heure, elle fut très commerçante. Alexandre la visita, et pensa y périr en se baignant dans les eaux glacées du Cydnus. Tarse s'appela un instant Juliopolis en l'honneur de César. C'est dans cette ville qu'Antoine et Cléopâtre eurent leur première entrevue. Sous l'empire, Tarse devint fameuse par son école de philosophie. Le philosophe Athénodore, le rhéteur Hermogène, l'apôtre saint Paul naquirent à tarse. La ville moderne occupe à peine le quart de l'ancienne, et n'a guère que 7 ou 8000 habitants fixes. Pendant l'hiver, la population s'élève à 30 000 âmes".

selon Rivet & Smith, p. 469 : Dunnet Head, en Caithness.

Rivet & Smith, p. 470 :

SOURCE

- Ravenna 105₄₆ : ELTABO

As with *Thamus and several other names, El- is here a misreading of Fl., the abbreviation of Fl(umen) or (Fl(uvius) on a map. Tabo has Vulgar latin b for v, as often, and is the oblique case of Tavus. 

DERIVATION. See TAVA (TAVUS¹)

IDENTIFICATION : The river Taw, Devon (as observed by C. Thomas, Rural Settlement in Roman Britain (London, 1966), 87).

Pour étude, voir * Tamus, ci-dessus. 

Rivet & Smith, p. 472 : 

SOURCE

- Ravenna, 106₁₀ : TEDERTIS. (= R&C 25) : TEDERTIS This entry is a gross corruption or a fragment. R&C print it conflated with the previous entry, Omire, whose first two or possibly threc letters we have removed to form the ending of a version of SORVIODUNUM. It is thus possible that we have to do not with Tedertis but with Retedertis or Iretedertis ; which hardly improves matters, unless Re- stands for FI- 'river' on a map. In any event, no conjectures can be made.

IDENTIFICATION. Unknown, but apparently in southern Britain.

-------------------------------

Non identifié. Rivet & Smith pensent qu'il s'agit d'une écriture corrompue, et proposent, à tout hasard, un lieu quelque part dans la G. Bretagne du sud.

Rivet & Smith, p. 472 : 

TERDEC (?)

SOURCE

- Ravenna, 109₅ : TERDEC

Ravenna's section for Scotia (Ireland) consists of three names, all rivers. As explained in Chapter v (p. 214), Ravenna may well have had no information at all for Ireland, and these three river-names may relate to western Britain rather than to Ireland, being written in the Cosmographer's map-source across a much-narrowed Irish Sea. We have postulated that Cled 109₄ is for Clota, the Clyde; it seems likely that Terdec is a now unrecognisablc western British river-name, but no guesses can be made. See also 'ETSODISINAM'.

--------------- 

Non identifié. Rivet & Smith évoquent à la fois une relation avec l'Irlande et un éventuel nom de rivière de l'ouest de la G. Bretagne

Rivet & Smith, p. 472 : 

*TERMINUS

SOURCE

Ravenna, 106₃ : TERMONIN (= R&C 17) :

It is likely that scribal metathesis has operated in this entry, and that * Terminon was intended; this, with Ravenna's common -on for classical -um, gives us *Terminum, nominative Terminus. For a similar vowel metathesis, compare Cironium for Corinium at 106₃₁. Dillemann's effort (p. 65) to see in this entry *Lemanio seems far-fetched; it is palaeographically complicated, and there is no sign that Ravenna's names in this first part of the list belong anywhere other than in south-west England.

DERIVATION. The Latin word is probably used in the sense 'boundary, boundary-stone'. From terminus as a common noun was derived Welsh terfyn, not necessarily in Romano-British times. The river Tarvin (Cheshire) is likely to represent an early naming and is similarly from terminus, with the lenited m of British, from which one can see that the Latin word was in real use. The objection of R&C that the loan of Latin terminus seems too late to be present in terfyn and Tarvin, and that 'the normal Latin word used in political boundaries is fines, terminus being an agrimensorial word', is hardly proper; not only can we assume that an agrimensorial use is here being made of the word, but we find it also on RIB 325, a boundary-stone from near Caerleon inscribed Termin, which the editor expands as Termin(us). Similar namings are known in Spain, modem Término (Santander) and Termens (Lérida) being from terminus (ELH₁. 511).

IDENTIFICATION. Unknown, but apparently in south-west Britain.

------------------

Non identifié. Mis par plusieurs chercheurs en comparaison avec le nom de la rivière Tarvin, en Cheshire. Ce nom pourrait avoir désigné, à un moment donné de l'histoire de la conquête romaine de la G. Bretagne, un point extrême, voir une frontière. Rivet & Smith évoquent un éventuel lieux du sud-ouest de la G. Bretagne. (voir noms similaires : Termino, province de Santander, et Termens, province de Lérida, en Espagne. Mais selon Rivet & Smith, *Terminus doit se rechercher quelque part dans le sud-ouest de la G. Bretagne.

Étymologie : Teucera, TP.

- M. Lebègue, LP, N° 141, p 13 : Thièvres vient du composé Tevara, formé de la racine hydronymique pré-celtique -ar "cours d'eau", précédée du gaulois tav- "paisible, tranquille"; précisons que dans l'archétype *tav(a)ra, -ara joue le rôle de suffixe inaccentué (voir DR p 675), d'où tev(a)ra > tievre. 

- selon Ordnance Survey (Map of Roman Britain) : l'île Mainland, dans les Shetland; Écosse.

- selon Ferdinand Lallemand, Pythéas le Massaliote, notes, page 255 : " dériverait, selon Adelung, de Thu-Al : la "Terre du Nord". Casaubon et Broche l'assimilent à l'Islande. D'autres, comme R. Busquet, voudraient la placer dans la région de Trondhjem, en Norvège".

- selon rivet & Smith, The Place Names of Roman Britain, p 241, les Shetland ont probablement été confondues avec Thulé par la marine d'Agricola.

>>> voir page spéciale. Activer le triscèle rouge ci-contre.

- lieu de décès d'Otton Ier le Grand, roi des Romains de 962 à 973

La tradition celtique irlandaise fait état d'une appellation Tir na n'Og pour désigner l'Autre Monde (M.Dillon & Nora Chadwick, Royaumes celtiques, p 149). Le sens donné à ce nom est : Terre des Jeunes.

Cette opinion est largement reprise par Fr. Le Roux & Ch..J. Guyonvarc'h, Civilisation celtique, 

- p 42 : Tir na n'Ong = Terre des Jeunes, définition à partir de laquelle ils tirent le nom de "l'Apollon celtique dans son aspect de jeunesse, Oengus, Choix Unique, ou Mac Oc, Fils Jeune, né au soir du jour (long de neuf mois) où il a été engendré ..."

- p 103 : " ... des amours adultères du dagda (le Bon Dieu) et de Boand (Bo Vinda, Vache Blanche, la Boyne) femme d'Elcmar, frère du Dagda".

L'appellation Tir na Ong a été associée à la revue Al Liamm depuis le numéro 6, année 1948. Cette appellation est rattachée à une l'interprétation ci-dessus Douar ar Yaouankiz = Terre de Jeunesse.

JCE : voir étude des noms de personnes : Océan, Oceanos.

Il a été proposé d'y voir le Trieux, mais cette identification est discutée. Commentaire A. Grenier, Navigation, p 519.

JCE : voir analyse des données de Ptolémée à l'article Aregenua.

Les distances de longitude ouest par rapport à Aregenua (env. 42 km), à Portus Saliocanus (env. 47,25 km), et au cap Gabaeum (env. 110 km), apportent la réponse : l'embouchure du Jaudy.

A l'appui de cette identification, on peut en effet noter que l'embouchure du Jaudy est la plus septentrionale de la péninsule : la pointe du Château en Plougrescant et Crec'h ar Maout en Larmor-Pleubian se trouvent à 5 km au nord de Loguivy-de-la-Mer. Il est logique, au demeurant, que le géographe ait pris comme référence le point extrême, quand bien même le Léguer et le Trieux sont des fleuves côtiers plus importants que le Jaudy.

*****

Rivet & Smith, p. 473-474 :

SOURCE 

-Ptolemy II,3,2 : Toisobios potamon ekbolai (= TOESOBIS FLUVII OSTIA), variante Tisobion (= Tisobis).

DERIVATION. This is wholly unknown; possibly the form is corrupt. 

IDENTIFICATION. Uncertain. From its position in Ptolemy this should apply to a river flowing into Tremadog bay by way of Traeth Bach, that is, Afon Glaslyn or Afon Dwyryd, but the forms do not correspond and it may be that Ptolemy has taken the name of the bay as that of a river mouth (cf. METARIS).

* lieu de naissance de : 

* lieu de décès de : 

- Sanche II le Pieux, roi du Portugal, de 1223 à 1247, exilé à Tolède après sa destitution en 1245 par la concile de Lyon, présidé par le pape Innocent IV.

Population : 33 300 hab. en 1979; 

Capitale des Mérovingiens. Siège d'un évêché.

* Rivet & Smith, p. 474 : 

SOURCE

- AI 486₂ (Iter XIV) : TRAIECTUS

DERIVATION. The name is a Latin common noun, 'crossing', perhaps more specifically 'crossing-point' or 'ferry'. There are several Continental examples, and the name survives in modem Maastricht and Utrecht (Holland), etc. The word seems to have been used solely for the Roman transport system, and has nothing to do with possible Celtic names (such as the word which is now Welsh traeth 'sands').

IDENTIFICATION. The reference is probably to the crossing of the Severn; see the discussion in Chapter IV, pp. 117-18.

* Rivet & Smith, p. 474-475 : 

SOURCE

- Ravenna 108₂₄ (= R&C 236) : TRAXULA

DERIVATION. Williams has reason to dismiss the proposalof Ekwall ERN 401 of a derivative from the root *treg- (now Pokorny 1090), represented by Welsh trenn ' impetuous, strenuous ' and Irish trén 'strong, swift'. Williams prefers a root in *trenq- 'to wash, bathe' (now Pokorny 1094), which has given Welsh trwnc 'urine' ('used for washing by the Celts') and trochi 'to wash, bathe', whose -ch- represents earlier -nk-s, and whose original British form might then have had -(n)ks- represented by Latin -x-. This root seems to have derivatives only in Lithuanian, which could explain its rarity in ancient toponymy. Williams's sensé for the river-name is, then, tentatively, 'washing-pool or river'; R&C compare names such as English Washbrook. The ending -ula looks like a Latin diminutive, but cannot in fact be that; possibly some other British suffix was assimilated to this during copying. The above, though satisfactory up to a point and the best that can be offered, should be regarded as conjectural in view of the unreliability of names recorded by Ravenna alone. Any equation with the Test (Terstan 877 : Ekwall), whose name is probably British, is phonetically impossible to establish unless one supposes several irregular developments.

IDENTIFICATION. Unknown, but apparently a river in southern Britain.

L'étude étymologique a été réalisée à l'article concernant la rivière Arrun.

Les noms de la liste, en jaune, sont des liens qui mènent à des pages spécifiques.

*****

*Rivet & Smith, p. 478 : 

SOURCE

- Tacitus Annals XII, 31 (as emended by Bradley) : cis TRISANTONAM et SABRINAM fluvios

DERIVATION. See TRISANTONA¹.

IDENTIFICATION. The river Trent, flowing from Staffordshire to the Humber.

Note. Bede had no record of a classical tradition for this name. He calls the Trent Treenta (II, 16) and Treanta (III, 24 and IV, 21), and does not deline the name.

------------------

L'étude étymologique a été réalisée à l'article concernant la rivière Arrun.

Aujourd'hui Commune des Alpes maritimes, arrondissement de Nice, canton de Villefranche.